DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from cells or tissues   for   analysis. It   typically   involves breaking open the cell membrane using physical  or chemical methods, followed by removing     proteins and other contaminants. The  DNA  is  then  purified and concentrated for   further  use.   Maternal    cell contamination refers to the presence   of    maternal DNA in samples meant to contain  fetal    DNA, such as in prenatal testing. This contamination can    lead to inaccurate test results, especially in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). To      prevent   this  rigorous protocols   are   used   to   isolate   fetal   DNA   from maternal      blood.     Accurate      analysis   requires minimizing    or    eliminating     the     maternal  DNA presence.